So I've noticed something in regards to my playstyle with Magic: the Gathering; I tend to overcommit resources, trying to press whatever advantage I have, and once I get punished for that, I tend to keep that same momentum going despite being in a disadvantageous situation.

For example, was playing Pauper with a friend earlier: my BGw Tortured Existence against his BW Pestilence. Game 1 got him down to 3 life before he cleared my board with a Pestilence and a Cast Down, followed by a well timed Bojuka Bog. Before I was overcommitting to the board to grow Blood Researcher with Essence Wardens, and after I was basically throwing anything I could on yhe battlefield to try and salvage the situation.

Any advice how to be more aware when this psychological quirk occurs and at least challenge it before I misplay?

Just because you got punished doesn't necessarily mean you made a mistake, but it generally sounds like it revolves around being cognizant during the game of how you can lose when you're ahead, and how you can win when you're behind. And ultimately, these things will come down to weighing probabilities, although you might be able to glean some extra information from play patterns.

True as far punished vs mistake goes; the matchup is nightmarishly lopsided against me as I am a graveyard based control deck against a removal heavy control deck with 3 Bojuka Bog and 4 Orzhov Basillica main. However instead of throwing creatures onto the board to grow Blood Researcher, I could have held one back in my hand to get researcher back with Tortured Existence.

Thanks Mown, I will try to keep your advice on being cognizant in mind the next time my friend and I play.