Once again, the issue remains unaddressed. The current system incentivizes states to maintain their advantage in the Electoral College. Why would a solidly red or blue state want to give up its overrepresentation? Texas or California, for example, have no incentive to award votes to the opposing party. This imbalance is deeply embedded in the system. Similarly, why aren’t primaries held on the same day nationwide?
What do you mean? Texas and California may have no incentive, but Georgia's Governor probably wished he could last election (as did about half of the state's population - who then did not insist that things change in time for this election). Some years it would be a good thing, other years it would be a bad thing (and people will have opposite opinions on which years). It just depends on the state. If your concern is with winner takes all electors, as I mentioned before: two states don't do it that way. If that were a popular idea, it would change in more states (it's not). Everyone might want it for other people, but they don't generally want it for themselves (or for states that align with their politics).
As for why a state would want to give that up... if California, for example, gave up its winner take all stance for electors, it would become front and center in US politics. It would forever change the current Democrat party, but California would certainly reap some benefits from the increased attention, and increased need for national parties to satisfy its citizens. Similar thing, but currently in reverse with Texas.
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We have traditions on when primaries are held. People like those traditions. That's the least rational of your remarks, btw. You should drop that one, because nobody (and I really do mean just about nobody) cares. The primaries that matter happen on Super Tuesday. No serious candidate drops out before that, and honestly if they do badly on that day it bodes poorly for their future (even though sometimes candidates keep limping on, they usually have no chance). You can get some help from momentum from earlier states leading into that day, but that day is pretty good at eliminating poor candidates. I get that you think this is causing some filtration of potential candidates, but I don't think that's true. If every primary happened on the same day, it would greatly limit candidate abilities to talk to the voters, and learn about what they want/need -> that would actually filter out certain candidates (Obama probably doesn't get to be president, for example). I think staggered primaries are a good thing - they give people a lot more opportunity to interact with prospective candidates and that lends those people a political voice. It also helps find and remove the candidates who aren't consistent enough to get through the primary season without making a major faux pas (this is a good thing, because the goal is to win a general election, not just the candidacy).
Regardless of personal opinions, awareness, or public organization around these issues, certain votes simply carry more weight than others. This disparity inevitably chips away at trust in the system itself.
Certain votes carry more weight? I suppose that's kind of true in a presidential election - when you completely ignore what each vote can unlock in terms of total electoral voters, and focus exclusively on the elector to voter ratio.
The alternative system would make certain voters completely irrelevant. Take Alaskans as an example. Right now, Presidential candidates may have a reason to give a crap about Alaskan voters. If we switch to a popular vote there would be NO reason to care about Alaskan voters at all - there simply aren't enough of them. The new campaigns would be completely subject to the whims of cities like New York and Los Angeles, and those cities are probably the only kinds of places candidates would bother campaigning. No reason to care about rural voters, and in fact they'd be discouraged from caring about them for reasons of pure efficiency. You can reach a lot more people with one stop in an Urban area than an entire tour of rural lands.
This would replace the quasi-tyranny of low-population states (lol at that btw, because the House of Representatives exists, limiting their power to little or none), with actual tyranny of city folk (who would also control the House of Representatives).